Historical reference: Ilex aquifolium
Leaves: January to December. Flowers: May to August.
Compiled literature for Britain and Ireland, approximately twentieth-century averages. Compare this reference with your own dated observations; it does not confirm presence or the current phase here.
Date: Historical literature reference
Dataset DOI plus Stroh et al. (2023), Plant Atlas 2020, and original per-phase reference. leafing: Poland, J. & Clement, E.J. 2020. The Vegetative Key to the British Flora. Edn. 2. John Poland, Southampton flowering: Sell, P.D. & Murrell, G. 2009. Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 3. Mimosaceae-Lentibulariaceae Cambridge University Press, Cambridge CC-BY4.0.